Crossflow superheater



.De."z9,1925., 1,567,698

' K P. A. BANCEL CROSSFLOW SUPERHEATER Original Filed May 25, 1915 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Ilz/1110111111111 vP.. A. BANcl-:L cRossFLow SUPERHEATER Original Filed May 23' 191:5 s sheets-sheet' 2 .0.. 0 C C 0 O 0 O O O Q C.

Patented Dec. 29,1925.

...l its iT jll i-LNY, DE* BAYQNNE, 'NEW JERSEY, A @@RPORATIQN @F NEW JERSEY,

GRSSFLQ'W SUPERHEATE.

Application led May 23, 1913, Serial No. 769,535. lleneweel".lltevem'ser 27, 1917. Serial No. 2%,2??. l

To all whom t may cancers/tg i' Be 1t known that I, Pam. A. RANGEL, a

citizenof the United States, residing at l baflies, and 17 the furnace of an illustrative New York city, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefullmprovements in Crossow Superheaters, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. x

The invention, which constitutes the' subject matter of this application, relates to an apparatus which I prefer to call a cross ow superheater. rIhe invention consists broadly of an a paratus' for absorbing heat from hot gases liy providing a boiler with a plurality of paths in which the boiler tubes are located and through which the furnace.

gases pass from the furnace to the smokestack, the boiler being so constructed or means being so provided as to create an unbalanced pressure in said paths whereby portion of the gases passes from a point of higher pressure to .a path of lower pressure over a 'heat absorbing means. In the construction shown the heat absorbing means consists of a superheater but it is to be understood that the invention is not limited tothe absorption' of the heat for superheating purposes. It willtherefore be seen that the theory upon which the invention is predicated consists in the provision of mechanism for the flow of a iuid, thel flow through vsaid mechanism comprising a main stream, a plurality of subsidiary streams,.

and a connection between streams in which a flow is obtained dependent on both the total flow and the separate flows in the subsidiary streams. In the annexed drawings, whichshow the preferred embodiment of my invention,

Fig. 1` illustrates a longitudinal vertical sectional'view of 'a kknown form of horizontal water tube boiler.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. l showing the application of my-invention. Fig. 3 is a section on line 3 3 of Fig. l, Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic'view of the main and subsidiary paths for the iow of gases from the `furnace to smokestack. I

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of my inven-l tion as adapted to a known form of water tube boiler, the walls of the boiler having been omitted in this View to show more clearly the interior construction.

Referring to the construction shown in Figs.' 1 and 2 the reference numeral '10 desment can best be explained by ignates the drum, ll the front header, l2 'the rear header, i3 the boiler tubes connecting the respective headers, 14, l5 and lfd the form of water tube boiler, all of ywhich are inclosed in a suitable structure or setting 18. As shown in Fig. 2 a part of the boiler lsurface is divided longitudinally and eentrally to `provide a superheater chamber i9. As a result of this division the central bams l5 of Fig. 1 is divided into two portions 20 and 21, while the upper baille 15 et Fig. 1 is preferably divided into two` ortions, 22

and 23. This arrangement of he haes in conjunction with the vertical baflies 2a and 25 divides the boiler surface Iinto four disv tinct chambers A, B, C and D, through which thegases pass to the smokestack 20. The respective chambers are so arranged Vthat a portion of the gaseswhich enter the chamber A flows across the superheater chamber among the superheaterelements..A

Located in the superheater chamber 19 I provide a superheatercomprising the usual superheater tubes or elements 27, and usualtubes. yUnder these conditions the chamj ber A is designed to receive 60% of the furnace gases while the chamber B receives only 40%. Inasmuch' as the chamber C is of the same size as chamber A, and the chamber D is the same size as chamber B, said chambers C and-D areadapted to receive 60% and 40% of the gases respectively. Since the chamber. B is adapted to receive only 4l0%otI the gases from cham ber A, 20% of the gases from the latter will dow across the superheater chamber l@ to the pass C 'and inasmuchv as this latter pass receives `only the gases (d0%) from pass D it will at once be apparent that the pressure therein is such as to augment the A signed to receive 60% of the furnace gases and passes B and D are each designed to receive 40% of the gases it will at once be apparent, everything'else being equal, that there will be a flow of 20% from pass A to pass C by way of chamber I9.

From the above description it will be seen that the boileris divided longitudinally into a plurality of paths in which the boiler tubes are located and through` which the furnace gases pass from the furnace to the smokestack. The heated gases pass in a single stream from the furnace to and beyond the baille 14 when the same is divided into subsidiary or branch streams, one of which is represented by the letters A.B and the other by the letters C -ll Between these subsidiary paths and connecting vthe same is a chamber in which the heat absorbing means, heretofore referred to, is

located. In F ig` 4 I have illustrated these piths orstr'eams diagrammatically in which is the main path A-B and C-D the 25 subsidiary or .branch paths, and I-I the connection between any two of the said main and subsidiary streams. The coils in this ligure represent hydraulic resistances, such as tubular heating surfaces. It will therefore be understood that the gases frm the furnace pass into the superheater chamber 19 by way of the perforation 32, near one of the vertical baffles 24, which is clearly shown in Figs. land 3. The gases then flow- "longitudinally of'said superheater chamber to the opposite end thereof and escape there-'-v from through the perforation 33 in the vertical beilie 25, which is clearly illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

In order to re" late the superheat, -or

what amounts to-.tv esame thing, to controll the cross iiow of gases over the superheater,

I provide two dampers 30 and..31 1n the up- "ta r I have considered above that 20% vof 'the gases flow across the superheater at some normal l d and normal superheat. I shallnow congilder the operation of my invention as the 'boiler load is increased. With the regulating dampers 30 and'31- wide open the total draft is increased so that more coal is burned a'nd more gases flow through the boiler andl more steam is generated. lIt will be apparent (therefore) that if the total volume of gases be doubled the volume of gases flowing over the superlieater will also be doubled. But, owing to the vfactthatwith greater loads the temperature of the gases4 goes up in all regions of the boiler they"wouldalso go -up at the entrance of the superheater and therefore with the vol-f- 'ume fof the gases doubled and their temperatureraised somewhat the temperature of the superheated steam would rise.. This is the common undesirablecharacteristic of Y combined Wsuperheaters,

Aside of the boiler,

If 20% of the gases have to flow overthe superheater at normal load in order to give a rated superheat, it might be that only 15% of the gases have to flow over the superheater to give the same superheat at double the load.'

The desired. decrease in .per ent of gases flowing over the superheatertubes would be obtained by a slight closing of the damper 31on the left hand side of the boiler. This closing of the damper will decrease the draft on that side of the boiler and hence the proportion' of steam made b v the decreased draft. Furthermore, the rise of temperature of the gasesy flowing over the superheaterat heavy load will in itself tend to decrease the per cent flow, even with the damper unchanged, because the higher temv the flowof gases over the superheater tubes e 30 of the right hand` can be stopped entirely by a suilicient closure of the damper 31 on the left hand side of the boiler. It should .be noted, however, that even with this condition, of the boiler will still be'doing considerable work, that is the load will not be entirely thrown on the left hand side for it lis'obvious that the damper 31 willonly have to beclosed the-right hand side suiliciently to make the pressure in C the Isame as the pressure in A'so that there will be no difference of pressure across the superheater. Evidently there will still be a considerableliow of gas over the right hand boiler surface, although this flow would be somewhat less than the flow over the left hand side. v

` In the constructions shown a boiler is illustrated as having'two drums. It is tobe understood, however, that the inventionis not limited to boilers with two drums for it is obvious that it is equally feasible to apply lthe invention to boilers wherein any' number of drums are employed. Furtherl more I make-nolspeciicclaims to the battles shown herein, nor -do I. restrict myself to.

the type shown as the use of one kind of baille in preference to another is merely themechanics or designer-7s choice of features.

The boiler shown in the drawing is mere yly illustrative and it will be obvious that my invention may be applied to other forms of boiler and ,to any apparatus for absorbing heat as might be formed b va combination of boiler, economizer, `air eater or superheater. A

i genaues hot gases cornnrisin a heiter provided with e L lr boilery tubes and with means forming a plurality of paths through which the gases pass trom the furnace to the sinohestach, in combination with heat absorbin means located between said paths, anu re ula-ble means tor deecting a portion of the urnace gases over said heat absorbing means into' one of the said paths of the boiler.

2. An apparatus for absorbing heat from hot gases comprising a boiler provided with boiler tubes and with means forming a plurality ot paths in which the boiler tubes are located and through which the furnace gases pass from the furnace to the smokestaclr, in combination with heat absorbing means located between said paths over which a portion of the said gases are adapted to pass from a point of higher pressure to a path of lower pressure, i

3. A11 apparatus for absorbing heat from hot gases comprising a boiler provided with x boiler tubes and with means forming a plu rality of paths in which the boiler tubes are located and through which the furnace gases pass from the furnace to the smokes stach, in combination with heat absorbing means located between said paths through which a portion of said gases are adapted' to ass from a point of high pressure to a pat of low pressure, and means for regulating the low of gases through said heat absorbing means.-- A

4. An apparatus for superheating steam comprising a boiler provided with boiler tubes and with a plurality of paths in which the boiler tubes are located and through which the furnace 'gases pass from the furnace to the smokestack, in combination with a superheater located between said paths, and means for de'flecting a portion of the gases from one path over the superheater to the other patho f 5'. An apparatus for superheating steam comprising a boiler provided with boiler tubes and with means forming a plurality of paths in which the boiler tubes are-lo cated and through which the furnace gases are adapted to pass from the furnace to the' sniolrestach, in combination with a super: heater chamber between said paths and through which a portion of the furnace gases are adapted to pass from a point oihigher pressure to one or" said paths in said boiler, and a superheater in ber,

6. An apparatus yfor s uperheatihg steam comprising a boiler provided with boiler tubes and with a plurality of paths in which the boiler ytubes are located and through whichv the furnace gases are adaptedto pass from the furnace C"to the smokestack, a superheater 'chamber connectingsaid paths,

, paths,

said superheater cham' said. patitas so constructed as to maintain an `cornprising a. boiler provided with boiler tubes and with a plurality of paths in which 'the bailar tubes are located and through which the furnace gases. are adapted to pass from the furnace to the smolrestack, a superheator chamber through which a portion ott' the gases are adapted to pass from. one of said paths to the-other, a superheater in said chamber, and means for throttling the tlow ot gas through one path to regulate thetlow of gases through said su erheater-chamher.

8. An apparatus for a sorbing heat from hot gases comprising a boiler divided longitudinally to the llow of furnace gases from the Jurnaceto the smokestack, in combina. tion with a superheater chamber located loetween said divided portions of the boiler and through which a part of the 'gases is adapte to flow, boiler tubes located in said portions, a superheater located in said superheater chamber and means for varying the pressures in said portions whereby the' flow of gases through said superheater chamber is regulated.4

9. An apparatus for absorbing heat 'from hot gases comprisin a boiler provided with a main path for the rnace gases, subsidiary paths branchin from the same, a connection between two o saidpaths in which a ow isobtained dependent uponboth the total How' and the separate flows'in the subsidiary and a heat absorbing means in said connection over which the gases flowing therethrough are adapted to pass;

10. An apparatus for absorbing heat from hot gases comprising a boiler provided with Y a mam path for the furnace gases, subsidipath, subsidiary paths in which tubular heating surfaces are also located, said subsidiary paths branching from the main path, a connection between two of said patl s in which a llow is obtained dependent upon both the total flow and the se arate hows in the subsidiary paths, and' a eat absorbing means 1n said connection over which the gases flowing therethrough .are adapted to pass. T

12. An apparatus for absorbing heat from hot gases comprising a horizontal water tube boiler providedl with a` plurality of horizontal battles which divide the said boiler into a main and subsidiary pathsfor the passage of the furnace gases therethrough, a Vconnection between two of said paths in which a flow is obtained dependent upon both the total flow and the separate flows in the subsidiary paths, and a heat absorbing means in said connection over which the gases flowing therethrough are adapted to pass.

ntomas 13. An apparatus for absorbing heat from hot gases comprising a horizontal water tube boiler provided with a plurality of hoi` zontal and vertical baiiies which divide said boiler into main and subsidiary paths for the passage of the furnace gases therethrough, said vertical baflles defining al superheater chamber which establishes a connection between two of said paths in which a flow is obtained dependent upon both the total ilow and the separate flows in the subsidiary paths, and a' super-heater in said chamber over which the gases are ada ted to flow.

In testimony whereof I a X my signature.

PAUL A. BANCEL. 

